Assortment optimization with position effects under the nested logit model

We study the assortment optimization problem with position effects under the nested logit model, whose goal is to find the revenue-maximizing subset of products as well as their corresponding display positions. In this joint assortment-position optimization problem, the choices of products are affected by not only their qualities and prices but also the positions where they are displayed. Despite determining the assortment and their corresponding display positions sequentially, we propose to solve this problem in an integrated way to obtain the optimal solution. We formulate this problem as a nonlinear binary integer programming model and develop a dynamic programming based solution approach to obtain the optimal assortment-position assignments. We carry out extensive numerical experiments to evaluate the benefit of our integrated approach. The most important insight we discover is that it is not necessarily better to put the most attractive products in the best position. Moreover, we show that compared to the sequential approaches, our approach can improve revenue by 10.38% on average, which suggests that firms should take into consideration position effects when making assortment decisions. Finally, we discuss results related to two extensions of this problem, that is, the special case when positions are preassigned to nests, and the joint assortment-position-price optimization problem.     

Economic impact of the ministry of defence’s budget: methodological design and results for the Spanish economy

This article analyses the economic impact of the expenditure budget of the Spanish Ministry of Defence (MoD) and its Autonomous Agencies (AA), distinguishing direct, indirect and induced effects. The input–output methodology is used to find intersectoral effects on the rest of the economy. The article quantifies the economic impact in terms of production, gross value added (GVA), employed population, tax revenue, and also in terms of its contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Spain in 2010. The results show that the activity of the MoD and AA generates 1.2% of the country’s GDP and 1.7% of total employment in that year.     

高含硫气井井筒硫沉积的预测方法

近年川东气田的几口碳酸岩气井在开采过程中出现较为严重的硫沉积,有的甚至被硫堵塞停产,对这些气井的硫沉积进行精确的预测和有效的管理就显得至关重要.提出了一个新的解析模型,把硫的溶解度作为温度、压力及流态的函数,结合压力与温度的藕合,应用颗粒受力分析来预测含硫天然气开采中的气井井筒硫沉积,其预测结果与实际相符,可作为井下除硫处理、洗井作业、优化完井及开采速度等设计的基础.     

多层次信息融合技术在燃气轮机故障诊断中的应用

探讨了信息融合技术在燃气轮机故障诊断中的应用,构建出一种燃气轮机多层次信息融合故障诊断模型.在模型的数据融合层,采用了自适应加权融合算法,以最小化传感器测量不确定度为目标对同源测量数据进行了融合,其结果再经特征层进行故障特征的提取和融合,最终通过决策层给出诊断判定.数值实验结果证明,该故障模型能有效减小传感器测量不确定度对于诊断的不良影响,所得诊断结果的合理性和精度均得到了提高.     

瓦斯爆炸波自激励效应的实验研究

基于爆炸波的发展机理在气体爆炸防护技术研究中的重要性,通过实验对密闭通道中瓦斯爆炸波的传播特征及规律进行了研究。结果表明,瓦斯爆炸传播过程中,压力波对火焰波既有促进作用又有抑制作用,不同阶段的主导作用不同;而火焰波对压力波也会产生影响,不但会加强压力波的超压和振幅,而且会使压力波上升段压缩、下降段拉伸,最终可能发展为爆震波,对巷道内的建筑、设备造成极大的破坏。     

Strategic capacity decision‐making in a stochastic manufacturing environment using real‐time approximate dynamic programming

In this study, we illustrate a real‐time approximate dynamic programming (RTADP) method for solving multistage capacity decision problems in a stochastic manufacturing environment, by using an exemplary three‐stage manufacturing system with recycle. The system is a moderate size queuing network, which experiences stochastic variations in demand and product yield. The dynamic capacity decision problem is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP). The proposed RTADP method starts with a set of heuristics and learns a superior quality solution by interacting with the stochastic system via simulation. The curse‐of‐dimensionality associated with DP methods is alleviated by the adoption of several notions including “evolving set of relevant states,” for which the value function table is built and updated, “adaptive action set” for keeping track of attractive action candidates, and “nonparametric k nearest neighbor averager” for value function approximation. The performance of the learned solution is evaluated against (1) an “ideal” solution derived using a mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation, which assumes full knowledge of future realized values of the stochastic variables (2) a myopic heuristic solution, and (3) a sample path based rolling horizon MIP solution. The policy learned through the RTADP method turned out to be superior to polices of 2 and 3. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2010     

基于目标RCS加权滤波方法抑制角闪烁的研究

单脉冲雷达进入末段跟踪状态后,其测角误差主要来自于目标的角闪烁。利用目标(RCS)起伏与角闪烁线偏差绝对值之间的负相关性,采用目标RCS加权滤波的方法能够有效抑制角闪烁。仿真数据和实测数据的验证结果表明,该方法能够有效抑制单脉冲雷达角闪烁现象,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

黄葛增压站噪声治理工艺措施

为解决黄葛增压站内4台室外整体式天然气压缩机组造成的噪声污染问题,结合生产运行要求、周边环境状况、噪声源分布及噪声特性,综合吸声、隔声、消声、阻尼减振、通风和泄压等技术,采用半密闭式降噪厂房和阻抗复合排气消声器等治理措施。治理后厂界噪声从64.2～72.1 dB(A)降至49.7～55.0 dB(A),距厂房最近厂界25 Hz声压值从97.9 dB降至84.2 dB,排气消声器出口噪声从84.3 dB(A)降至72.6 dB(A)且25Hz声压值从124.7 dB降至97 dB。厂界噪声达到GB 12348—2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》3类要求,中、低频噪声强度减弱,解决了厂界噪声超标和噪声扰民问题。同时,为整体式天然气压缩机组噪声治理开辟了一条新途径,为日后降噪厂房和阻抗复合排气消声器广泛应用奠定了实践基础,为压缩机组噪声治理设计积累了宝贵经验。     

某型号燃气发生器故障的仿真再现

为对某次失败的火箭发射过程进行故障分析,本文对可能的故障情况进行了数值仿真研究.根据飞行过程的故障现象及箭载测量数据分析了可能的故障原因,并根据燃气发生器的特点对该燃烧室内雾化、燃烧过程进行了数学建模和数值仿真.根据可能的故障情况进行了逐一的数值仿真和结果分析,并与有限的箭载数据进行了对比.结果表明:采用该数学模型能够很好地对火箭发射过程中的故障进行再现;该型号的燃气发生器存在一定的设计缺陷,需要进行设计优化;扰流环倾斜是此次飞行最有可能的故障情况.     

分布式实时网络半实物仿真方法研究

介绍了基于分布式实时网络的复合寻的制导武器半实物仿真试验环境建立的基本方法,对其工作原理、主要设备和技术进行了分析。